action for damages — an action under national law by which a claim for damages is brought before a national court by an alleged injured party, or by someone acting on behalf of one or more alleged injured parties where Union or national law provides for that possibility, or by a natural or legal person that succeeded in the right of the alleged injured party, including the person that acquired the claim Article 2 — Definitions

cartel — an agreement or concerted practice between two or more competitors aimed at coordinating their competitive behaviour on the market or influencing the relevant parameters of competition through practices such as, but not limited to, the fixing or coordination of purchase or selling prices or other trading conditions, including in relation to intellectual property rights, the allocation of production or sales quotas, the sharing of markets and customers, including bid-rigging, restrictions of imports or exports or anti-competitive actions against other competitors Article 2 — Definitions

claim for damages — a claim for compensation for harm caused by an infringement of competition law Article 2 — Definitions

competition authority — the Commission or a national competition authority or both, as the context may require Article 2 — Definitions

consensual dispute resolution — any mechanism enabling parties to reach the out-of-court resolution of a dispute concerning a claim for damages Article 2 — Definitions

consensual settlement — an agreement reached through consensual dispute resolution. (23) Article 2 — Definitions

direct purchaser — a natural or legal person who acquired, directly from an infringer, products or services that were the object of an infringement of competition law Article 2 — Definitions

evidence — all types of means of proof admissible before the national court seized, in particular documents and all other objects containing information, irrespective of the medium on which the information is stored Article 2 — Definitions

final infringement decision — an infringement decision that cannot be, or that can no longer be, appealed by ordinary means Article 2 — Definitions

immunity recipient — an undertaking which, or a natural person who, has been granted immunity from fines by a competition authority under a leniency programme Article 2 — Definitions

indirect purchaser — a natural or legal person who acquired, not directly from an infringer, but from a direct purchaser or a subsequent purchaser, products or services that were the object of an infringement of competition law, or products or services containing them or derived therefrom Article 2 — Definitions

infringement decision — a decision of a competition authority or review court that finds an infringement of competition law Article 2 — Definitions

infringement of competition law — an infringement of Article 101 or 102 TFEU, or of national competition law Article 2 — Definitions

infringer — an undertaking or association of undertakings which has committed an infringement of competition law Article 2 — Definitions

injured party — a person that has suffered harm caused by an infringement of competition law Article 2 — Definitions

leniency programme — a programme concerning the application of Article 101 TFEU or a corresponding provision under national law on the basis of which a participant in a secret cartel, independently of the other undertakings involved in the cartel, cooperates with an investigation of the competition authority, by voluntarily providing presentations regarding that participant's knowledge of, and role in, the cartel in return for which that participant receives, by decision or by a discontinuation of proceedings, immunity from, or a reduction in, fines for its involvement in the cartel Article 2 — Definitions

leniency statement — an oral or written presentation voluntarily provided by, or on behalf of, an undertaking or a natural person to a competition authority or a record thereof, describing the knowledge of that undertaking or natural person of a cartel and describing its role therein, which presentation was drawn up specifically for submission to the competition authority with a view to obtaining immunity or a reduction of fines under a leniency programme, not including pre-existing information Article 2 — Definitions

national competition authority — an authority designated by a Member State pursuant to Article 35 of Regulation (EC) No 1/2003, as being responsible for the application of Articles 101 and 102 TFEU Article 2 — Definitions

national competition law — provisions of national law that predominantly pursue the same objective as Articles 101 and 102 TFEU and that are applied to the same case and in parallel to Union competition law pursuant to Article 3(1) of Regulation (EC) No 1/2003, excluding provisions of national law which impose criminal penalties on natural persons, except to the extent that such criminal penalties are the means whereby competition rules applying to undertakings are enforced Article 2 — Definitions

national court — a court or tribunal of a Member State within the meaning of Article 267 TFEU Article 2 — Definitions

overcharge — the difference between the price actually paid and the price that would otherwise have prevailed in the absence of an infringement of competition law Article 2 — Definitions

pre-existing information — evidence that exists irrespective of the proceedings of a competition authority, whether or not such information is in the file of a competition authority Article 2 — Definitions

review court — a national court that is empowered by ordinary means of appeal to review decisions of a national competition authority or to review judgments pronouncing on those decisions, irrespective of whether that court itself has the power to find an infringement of competition law Article 2 — Definitions

settlement submission — a voluntary presentation by, or on behalf of, an undertaking to a competition authority describing the undertaking's acknowledgement of, or its renunciation to dispute, its participation in an infringement of competition law and its responsibility for that infringement of competition law, which was drawn up specifically to enable the competition authority to apply a simplified or expedited procedure Article 2 — Definitions