actual value — the greenhouse gas emissions savings for some or all of the steps of a specific biofuel, bioliquid or biomass fuel production process, calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in Part C of Annex V or Part B of Annex VI (45)

advanced biofuels — biofuels that are produced from the feedstock listed in Part A of Annex IX (34)

agricultural biomass — biomass produced from agriculture (25)

agricultural, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry residues — residues that are directly generated by agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry and that do not include residues from related industries or processing (44)

ambient energy — naturally occurring thermal energy and energy accumulated in the environment with constrained boundaries, which can be stored in the ambient air, excluding in exhaust air, or in surface or sewage water (2)

biofuels — liquid fuel for transport produced from biomass (33)

biogas — gaseous fuels produced from biomass (28)

bioliquids — liquid fuel for energy purposes other than for transport, including electricity and heating and cooling, produced from biomass (32)

biomass — the biodegradable fraction of products, waste and residues from biological origin from agriculture, including vegetal and animal substances, from forestry and related industries, including fisheries and aquaculture, as well as the biodegradable fraction of waste, including industrial and municipal waste of biological origin (24)

biomass fuels — gaseous and solid fuels produced from biomass (27)

biowaste — borrowed from another act; this instrument states no meaning of its own (29)

cogeneration — the simultaneous generation in one process of thermal energy and electrical and/or mechanical energy (a)

cogeneration — the simultaneous generation in one process of thermal energy and electricity and/or mechanical energy (i)

cogeneration — the simultaneous generation in one process of thermal energy and electrical and/or mechanical energy (a)

cogeneration — the simultaneous generation in one process of thermal energy and electricity and/or mechanical energy (a)

default value — a value derived from a typical value by the application of pre-determined factors and that may, in circumstances specified in this Directive, be used in place of an actual value (47)

distribution system operator — an operator as defined in point (6) of Article 2 of Directive 2009/72/EC and in point (6) of Article 2 of Directive 2009/73/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council Directive 2009/73/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 July 2009 concerning common rules for the internal market in natural gas and repealing Directive 2003/55/EC (OJ L 211, 14.8.2009, p. 94). (11)

district cooling — the distribution of thermal energy in the form of steam, hot water or chilled liquids, from central or decentralised sources of production through a network to multiple buildings or sites, for the use of space or process heating or cooling (19)

economically justifiable demand — the demand that does not exceed the needs for heat or cooling and which would otherwise be satisfied at market conditions (c)

economically justifiable demand — the demand that does not exceed the needs for heat or cooling and which would otherwise be satisfied at market conditions (iii)

economically justifiable demand — the demand that does not exceed the needs for heat or cooling and which would otherwise be satisfied at market conditions (c)

economically justifiable demand — the demand that does not exceed the needs for heat or cooling and which would otherwise be satisfied at market conditions (c)

efficient district heating and cooling — borrowed from another act; this instrument states no meaning of its own (20)

energy performance certificate — borrowed from another act; this instrument states no meaning of its own (22)

financial instrument — a financial instrument as defined in point (29) of Article 2 of Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 of the European Parliament and of the Council Regulation (EU, Euratom) 2018/1046 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 July 2018 on the financial rules applicable to the general budget of the Union, amending Regulations (EU) No 1296/2013, (EU) No 1301/2013, (EU) No 1303/2013, (EU) No 1304/2013, (EU) No 1309/2013, (EU) No 1316/2013, (EU) No 223/2014, (EU) No 283/2014, and Decision No 541/2014/EU and repealing Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 966/2012 (OJ L 193, 30.7.2018, p. 1). (7)

food and feed crops — starch-rich crops, sugar crops or oil crops produced on agricultural land as a main crop excluding residues, waste or ligno-cellulosic material and intermediate crops, such as catch crops and cover crops, provided that the use of such intermediate crops does not trigger demand for additional land (40)

forest biomass — biomass produced from forestry (26)

forest regeneration — the re-establishment of a forest stand by natural or artificial means following the removal of the previous stand by felling or as a result of natural causes, including fire or storm (31)

fuel supplier — an entity supplying fuel to the market that is responsible for passing fuel through an excise duty point or, in the case of electricity or where no excise is due or where duly justified, any other relevant entity designated by a Member State (38)

geothermal energy — energy stored in the form of heat beneath the surface of solid earth (3)

gross final consumption of energy — the energy commodities delivered for energy purposes to industry, transport, households, services including public services, agriculture, forestry and fisheries, the consumption of electricity and heat by the energy branch for electricity, heat and transport fuel production, and losses of electricity and heat in distribution and transmission (4)

guarantee of origin — an electronic document which has the sole function of providing evidence to a final customer that a given share or quantity of energy was produced from renewable sources (12)

high-efficiency cogeneration — borrowed from another act; this instrument states no meaning of its own (21)

jointly acting renewables self-consumers — a group of at least two jointly acting renewables self-consumers in accordance with point (14) who are located in the same building or multi-apartment block (15)

ligno-cellulosic material — material composed of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose, such as biomass sourced from forests, woody energy crops and forest-based industries' residues and wastes (41)

low indirect land-use change-risk biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels — biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels, the feedstock of which was produced within schemes which avoid displacement effects of food and feed-crop based biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels through improved agricultural practices as well as through the cultivation of crops on areas which were previously not used for cultivation of crops, and which were produced in accordance with the sustainability criteria for biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels laid down in Article 29 (37)

non-food cellulosic material — feedstock mainly composed of cellulose and hemicellulose, and having a lower lignin content than ligno-cellulosic material, including food and feed crop residues, such as straw, stover, husks and shells; grassy energy crops with a low starch content, such as ryegrass, switchgrass, miscanthus, giant cane; cover crops before and after main crops; ley crops; industrial residues, including from food and feed crops after vegetal oils, sugars, starches and protein have been extracted; and material from biowaste, where ley and cover crops are understood to be temporary, short-term sown pastures comprising grass-legume mixture with a low starch content to obtain fodder for livestock and improve soil fertility for obtaining higher yields of arable main crops (42)

recycled carbon fuels — liquid and gaseous fuels that are produced from liquid or solid waste streams of non-renewable origin which are not suitable for material recovery in accordance with Article 4 of Directive 2008/98/EC, or from waste processing gas and exhaust gas of non-renewable origin which are produced as an unavoidable and unintentional consequence of the production process in industrial installations (35)

renewable energy — energy from renewable non-fossil sources, namely wind, solar (solar thermal and solar photovoltaic) and geothermal energy, ambient energy, tide, wave and other ocean energy, hydropower, biomass, landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas, and biogas (1)

renewable energy community — a legal entity: which, in accordance with the applicable national law, is based on open and voluntary participation, is autonomous, and is effectively controlled by shareholders or members that are located in the proximity of the renewable energy projects that are owned and developed by that legal entity; the shareholders or members of which are natural persons, SMEs or local authorities, including municipalities; the primary purpose of which is to provide environmental, economic or social community benefits for its shareholders or members or for the local areas where it operates, rather than financial profits (16)

renewable energy obligation — a support scheme requiring energy producers to include a given share of energy from renewable sources in their production, requiring energy suppliers to include a given share of energy from renewable sources in their supply, or requiring energy consumers to include a given share of energy from renewable sources in their consumption, including schemes under which such requirements may be fulfilled by using green certificates (6)

renewable liquid and gaseous transport fuels of non-biological origin — liquid or gaseous fuels which are used in the transport sector other than biofuels or biogas, the energy content of which is derived from renewable sources other than biomass (36)

renewables power purchase agreement — a contract under which a natural or legal person agrees to purchase renewable electricity directly from an electricity producer (17)

renewables self-consumer — a final customer operating within its premises located within confined boundaries or, where permitted by a Member State, within other premises, who generates renewable electricity for its own consumption, and who may store or sell self-generated renewable electricity, provided that, for a non-household renewables self-consumer, those activities do not constitute its primary commercial or professional activity (14)

repowering — renewing power plants that produce renewable energy, including the full or partial replacement of installations or operation systems and equipment for the purposes of replacing capacity or increasing the efficiency or capacity of the installation (10)

residual energy mix — the total annual energy mix for a Member State, excluding the share covered by cancelled guarantees of origin (13)

residue — a substance that is not the end product(s) that a production process directly seeks to produce; it is not a primary aim of the production process and the process has not been deliberately modified to produce it (43)

Severely degraded land — land that, for a significant period of time, has either been significantly salinated or presented significantly low organic matter content and has been severely eroded 9.

Severely degraded land — land that, for a significant period of time, has either been significantly salinated or presented significantly low organic matter content and has been severely eroded 9.

SME — a micro, small or medium-sized enterprise as defined in Article 2 of the Annex to Commission Recommendation 2003/361/EC Commission Recommendation 2003/361/EC of 6 May 2003 concerning the definition of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (OJ L 124, 20.5.2003, p. 36). (8)

sourcing area — the geographically defined area from which the forest biomass feedstock is sourced, from which reliable and independent information is available and where conditions are sufficiently homogeneous to evaluate the risk of the sustainability and legality characteristics of the forest biomass (30)

starch-rich crops — crops comprising mainly cereals, regardless of whether the grains alone or the whole plant, such as in the case of green maize, are used; tubers and root crops, such as potatoes, Jerusalem artichokes, sweet potatoes, cassava and yams; and corm crops, such as taro and cocoyam (39)

support scheme — any instrument, scheme or mechanism applied by a Member State, or a group of Member States, that promotes the use of energy from renewable sources by reducing the cost of that energy, increasing the price at which it can be sold, or increasing, by means of a renewable energy obligation or otherwise, the volume of such energy purchased, including but not restricted to, investment aid, tax exemptions or reductions, tax refunds, renewable energy obligation support schemes including those using green certificates, and direct price support schemes including feed-in tariffs and sliding or fixed premium payments (5)

typical value — an estimate of the greenhouse gas emissions and greenhouse gas emissions savings for a particular biofuel, bioliquid or biomass fuel production pathway, which is representative of the Union consumption (46)

useful heat — heat generated to satisfy an economical justifiable demand for heat, for heating or cooling purposes (b)

useful heat — heat generated to satisfy an economical justifiable demand for heat, for heating or cooling purposes (ii)

useful heat — heat generated to satisfy an economical justifiable demand for heat, for heating or cooling purposes (b)

useful heat — heat generated to satisfy an economical justifiable demand for heat, for heating and cooling purposes (b)

waste — waste as defined in point (1) of Article 3 of Directive 2008/98/EC, excluding substances that have been intentionally modified or contaminated in order to meet this definition (23)

waste heat and cold — unavoidable heat or cold generated as by-product in industrial or power generation installations, or in the tertiary sector, which would be dissipated unused in air or water without access to a district heating or cooling system, where a cogeneration process has been used or will be used or where cogeneration is not feasible (9)