cultural heritage institution — a publicly accessible library or museum, an archive or a film or audio heritage institution (3)

information society service — borrowed from another act; this instrument states no meaning of its own (5)

online content-sharing service provider — a provider of an information society service of which the main or one of the main purposes is to store and give the public access to a large amount of copyright-protected works or other protected subject matter uploaded by its users, which it organises and promotes for profit-making purposes. Providers of services, such as not-for-profit online encyclopedias, not-for-profit educational and scientific repositories, open source software-developing and-sharing platforms, providers of electronic communications services as defined in Directive (EU) 2018/1972, online marketplaces, business-to-business cloud services and cloud services that allow users to upload content for their own use, are not ‘online content-sharing service providers’ within the meaning of this Directive (6)

press publication — a collection composed mainly of literary works of a journalistic nature, but which can also include other works or other subject matter, and which: constitutes an individual item within a periodical or regularly updated publication under a single title, such as a newspaper or a general or special interest magazine; has the purpose of providing the general public with information related to news or other topics; and is published in any media under the initiative, editorial responsibility and control of a service provider. Periodicals that are published for scientific or academic purposes, such as scientific journals, are not press publications for the purposes of this Directive (4)

research organisation — a university, including its libraries, a research institute or any other entity, the primary goal of which is to conduct scientific research or to carry out educational activities involving also the conduct of scientific research: on a not-for-profit basis or by reinvesting all the profits in its scientific research; or pursuant to a public interest mission recognised by a Member State; in such a way that the access to the results generated by such scientific research cannot be enjoyed on a preferential basis by an undertaking that exercises a decisive influence upon such organisation (1)

text and data mining — any automated analytical technique aimed at analysing text and data in digital form in order to generate information which includes but is not limited to patterns, trends and correlations (2)