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PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC PRODUCTION AT FARM LEVEL Plants and plant products 1.The principles set out in this Annex must normally have been applied on the parcels during a conversion period of at least two years before sowing or, in the case of perennial crops other than grassland, at least three years before the first harvest of products as referred to in Article 1 (1) (a). The inspection body may, with the approval of the competent authority, decide, in certain cases, to extend or reduce that period, having regard to previous parcel use. 2.The fertility and the biological activity of the soil must be maintained or increased, where appropriate, by: (a)cultivation of legumes, green manures or deep-rooting plants in an appropriate multiannual rotation programme; (b)incorporation in the soil of organic material, composted or not, from holdings producing according to the rules of this Regulation. Pending the adoption of common technical rules concerning organic livestock production, by-products from livestock farming, such as farmyard manure, may be used if they come from livestock holdings respecting existing national rules or, in the absence thereof, internationally recognized practices concerning organic livestock production. Other organic or mineral fertilizers, mentioned in Annex II, may be applied only to the extent that adequate nutrition of the crop being rotated or soil conditioning are not possible by the methods set out under (a) and (b) of the preceding subparagraph. For compost activation, appropriate micro-organism or plant-based preparations (biodynamic preparations) may be used. 3.Pests, diseases and weeds shall be controlled by a combination of the following measures: -choice of appropriate species and varieties, -appropriate rotation programme, -mechanical cultivation procedures, -protection of natural enemies of pests through provisions favourable to them (e.g. hedges, nesting sites, release of predators), -flame weeding. Only in cases of immediate threat to the crop may recourse be had to products referred to in Annex II.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-11-13 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.