2.
Member States may lay down that paragraph 1 shall not apply to all or certain contracts falling into one of the following categories: contracts that create or transfer rights in real estate, except for rental rights; contracts requiring by law the involvement of courts, public authorities or professions exercising public authority; contracts of suretyship granted and on collateral securities furnished by persons acting for purposes outside their trade, business or profession; contracts governed by family law or by the law of succession.
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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.