1.

Member States shall take appropriate measures to encourage: first, the prevention or reduction of waste production and its harmfulness, in particular by: the development of clean technologies more sparing in their use of natural resources; the technical development and marketing of products designed so as to make no contribution or to make the smallest possible contribution, by the nature of their manufacture, use or disposal, to increasing the amount or harmfulness of waste and pollution hazards; the development of appropriate techniques for the final disposal of dangerous substances contained in waste destined for recovery; second: the recovery of waste by means of recycling, re‐use or reclamation or any other process with a view to extracting secondary raw materials; or the use of waste as a source of energy.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-10-12 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.