4. OIL AND PETROLEUM PRODUCTS

Unless otherwise specified this data collection applies to all of the following energy products: Energy product Definition 1. Crude oil Crude oil is a mineral oil of natural origin comprising a mixture of hydrocarbons and associated impurities, such as sulphur. It exists in the liquid phase under normal surface temperature and pressure and its physical characteristics (density, viscosity, etc.) are highly variable. This category includes field or lease condensate recovered from associated and non-associated gas where it is commingled with the commercial crude oil stream. 2. NGL NGL are liquid or liquefied hydrocarbons recovered from natural gas in separation facilities or gas processing plants. Natural gas liquids include ethane, propane, butane (normal and iso-), (iso) pentane and pentanes plus (sometimes referred to as natural gasoline or plant condensate). 3. Refinery feedstocks A refinery feedstock is a processed oil destined for further processing (e.g. straight run fuel oil or vacuum gas oil) excluding blending. With further processing, it will be transformed into one or more components and/or finished products. This definition also covers returns from the petrochemical industry to the refining industry (e.g. pyrolysis gasoline, C4 fractions, gasoil and fuel oil fractions). 4. Additives/oxygenates Additives are non-hydrocarbon compounds added to or blended with a product to modify fuel properties (octane, cetane, cold properties, etc.): oxygenates, such as alcohols (methanol, ethanol), ethers (such as MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether), ETBE (ethyl tertiary butyl ether), TAME (tertiary amyl methyl ether)), esters (e.g. rapeseed or dimethylester, etc.), chemical compounds (such as TML, TEL and detergents). Note: quantities of additives/oxygenates (alcohols, ethers, esters and other chemical compounds) reported in this category should relate to the quantities destined for blending with fuels or for fuel use. 4.1. Of which: biofuels Biogasoline and bio-diesels. The definitions of Chapter 5, Renewable energy and energy from waste, apply. Quantities of liquid biofuels reported in this category relate to the biofuel and not to the total volume of liquids into which the biofuels are blended. Excludes all trade of biofuels which have not been blended with transport fuels (i.e. in their pure form); these should be reported as per Chapter 5. The biofuels traded as part of transport fuels should be reported in the appropriate product indicating the biofuel portion. 5. Other hydrocarbons Synthetic crude oil from tar sands, shale oil, etc., liquids from coal liquefaction (see Chapter 1), output of liquids from natural gas conversion into gasoline (see Chapter 2), hydrogen and emulsified oils (e.g. orimulsion). Excludes oil shale production, for which Chapter 1 applies. The production of shale oil (secondary product) is to be reported as ‘from other sources’ in the ‘other hydrocarbons category’. 6. Refinery gas (not liquefied) Refinery gas includes a mixture of non-condensible gases mainly consisting of hydrogen, methane, ethane and olefins obtained during distillation of crude oil or treatment of oil products (e.g. cracking) in refineries. This also includes gases which are returned from the petrochemical industry. 7. Ethane A naturally gaseous straight-chain hydrocarbon (C_(2)H_(6)) extracted from natural gas and refinery gas streams. 8. LPG LPG are light paraffinic hydrocarbons derived from the refinery processes, crude oil stabilisation and natural gas processing plants. They consist mainly of propane (C_(3)H_(8)) and butane (C_(4)H_(l0)) or a combination of the two. They could also include propylene, butylene, isopropylene and isobutylene. LPG are normally liquefied under pressure for transportation and storage. 9. Naphtha Naphtha is a feedstock destined for either the petrochemical industry (e.g. ethylene manufacture or aromatics production) or for gasoline production by reforming or isomerisation within the refinery. Naphtha comprises material in the 30 ^(o)C and 210 ^(o)C distillation range or part of this range. 10. Motor gasoline Motor gasoline consists of a mixture of light hydrocarbons distilling between 35 ^(o)C and 215 ^(o)C. It is used as a fuel for land based spark ignition engines. Motor gasoline may include additives, oxygenates and octane enhancers, including lead compounds such as TEL and TML. Includes motor gasoline blending components (excluding additives/oxygenates), e.g. alkylates, isomerate, reformate, cracked gasoline destined for use as finished motor gasoline. 10.1. Of which: biogasoline The definitions of Chapter 5, Renewable energy and energy from waste, apply. 11. Aviation gasoline Motor spirit prepared especially for aviation piston engines, with an octane number suited to the engine, a freezing point of - 60 ^(o)C and a distillation range usually within the limits of 30 ^(o)C and 180 ^(o)C. 12. Gasoline type jet fuel (naphtha type jet fuel or JP4) This includes all light hydrocarbon oils for use in aviation turbine power units, distilling between 100 ^(o)C and 250 ^(o)C. They are obtained by blending kerosenes and gasoline or naphthas in such a way that the aromatic content does not exceed 25 % in volume, and the vapour pressure is between 13,7 kPa and 20,6 kPa. 13. Kerosene type jet fuel Distillate used for aviation turbine power units. It has the same distillation characteristics between 150 ^(o)C and 300 ^(o)C (generally not above 250 ^(o)C) and flash point as kerosene. In addition, it has particular specifications (such as freezing point) which are established by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). Includes kerosene blending components. 14. Other kerosene Refined petroleum distillate used in sectors other than aircraft transport. It distils between 150 ^(o)C and 300 ^(o)C. 15. Gas/diesel oil (distillate fuel oil) Gas/diesel oil is primarily a medium distillate distilling between 180 ^(o)C and 380 ^(o)C. Includes blending components. Several grades are available depending on uses. 15.1. Of which: transport diesel On-road diesel oil for diesel compression ignition (cars, trucks, etc.), usually of low sulphur content. 15.1.1. From 15.1, of which: bio-diesels The definitions of Chapter 5, Renewable energy and energy from waste, apply. 15.2 Of which: heating and other gasoil Light heating oil for industrial and commercial uses, marine diesel and diesel used in rail traffic, other gas oil, including heavy gas oils which distil between 380 ^(o)C and 540 ^(o)C and which are used as petrochemical feedstocks. 16. Fuel oil All residual (heavy) fuel oils (including those obtained by blending). Kinematic viscosity is above 10 cSt at 80 ^(o)C. The flash point is always above 50 ^(o)C and density is always more than 0,90 kg/l. 16.1. Of which: low sulphur content Heavy fuel oil with sulphur content lower than 1 %. 16.2. Of which: high sulphur content Heavy fuel oil with sulphur content of 1 % or higher. 17. White spirit and SBP Refined distillate intermediates with a distillation in the naphtha/kerosene range. They are subdivided as: Industrial spirit (SBP): light oils distilling between 30 ^(o)C and 200 ^(o)C. There are 7 or 8 grades of industrial spirit, depending on the position of the cut in the distillation range. The grades are defined according to the temperature difference between the 5 % volume and 90 % volume distillation points (which is not more than 60 ^(o)C). White spirit: industrial spirit with a flash point above 30 ^(o)C. The distillation range of white spirit is 135 ^(o)C to 200 ^(o)C. 18. Lubricants Hydrocarbons produced from distillate by-product; they are mainly used to reduce friction between bearing surfaces. Includes all finished grades of lubricating oil, from spindle oil to cylinder oil, and those used in greases, motor oils and all grades of lubricating oil base stocks. 19. Bitumen Solid, semi-solid or viscous hydrocarbon with a colloidal structure, being brown to black in colour, obtained as a residue in the distillation of crude oil, by vacuum distillation of oil residues from atmospheric distillation. Bitumen is often referred to as asphalt and is primarily used for construction of roads and for roofing material. Includes fluidised and cut back bitumen. 20. Paraffin waxes These are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. These waxes are residues extracted when dewaxing lubricant oils. They have a crystalline structure which is more-or-less fine according to the grade. Their main characteristics are as follows: they are colourless, odourless and translucent, with a melting point above 45 ^(o)C. 21. Petroleum coke Black solid by-product, obtained mainly by cracking and carbonising petroleum derived feedstock, vacuum bottoms, tar and pitches in processes such as delayed coking or fluid coking. It consists mainly of carbon (90 to 95 %) and has a low ash content. It is used as a feedstock in coke ovens for the steel industry, for heating purposes, for electrode manufacture and for production of chemicals. The two most important qualities are ‘green coke’ and ‘calcinated coke’. Includes ‘catalyst coke’ deposited on the catalyst during refining processes; this coke is not recoverable and is usually burned as refinery fuel. 22. Other products All products not specifically mentioned above, for example: tar and sulphur. Includes aromatics (e.g. BTX or benzene, toluene and xylene) and olefins (e.g. propylene) produced within refineries. The following list of aggregates shall be declared for all energy products listed in the previous paragraph unless otherwise specified. The following table applies to crude oil, NGL, refinery feedstocks, additives, biofuels and other hydrocarbons only: 1. Indigenous production Not applicable for refinery feedstocks and for biofuels. 2. From other sources additives, biofuels and other hydrocarbons, the production of which has already been covered in other fuel balances. Not applicable for crude oil, NGL and refinery feedstocks. 2.1. Of which: from coal Includes liquids produced from coal liquefaction plants, liquid output from coke ovens. 2.2. Of which: from natural gas The manufacture of synthetic gasoline may require natural gas as feedstock. The amount of gas for methanol manufacture is declared according to Chapter 2, while the receipts of methanol are declared here. 2.3. Of which: from renewables Includes biofuels which are for blending with transport fuels. Production is declared as per Chapter 5, while amounts for blending are declared here. 3. Backflows from petrochemical sector Finished or semi-finished products which are returned from final consumers to refineries for processing, blending or sale. They are usually by-products of petrochemical manufacturing. Only applicable for refinery feedstocks. 4. Products transferred Imported petroleum products which are reclassified as feedstocks for further processing in the refinery, without delivery to final consumers. Only applicable for refinery feedstocks. 5. Imports and exports Includes quantities of crude oil and products imported or exported under processing agreements (i.e. refining on account). Crude oil and NGLs should be reported as coming from the country of ultimate origin; refinery feedstocks and finished products should be reported as coming from the country of last consignment. Includes any gas liquids (e.g. LPG) extracted during the regasification of imported liquefied natural gas and petroleum products imported or exported directly by the petrochemical industry. Note: all trade of biofuels which have not been blended with transport fuels (i.e. in their pure form) should be reported in the Renewables Questionnaire. Re-exports of oil imported for processing within bonded areas should be included as an export of product from the processing country to the final destination. 6. Direct use Crude oil, NGL, additives and oxygenates (and the part which are biofuels), and other hydrocarbons used directly without being processed in petroleum refineries. Includes crude oil burned for electricity generation. 7. Stock changes A stock build is shown as a negative number and a stock draw is shown as a positive number. 8. Calculated refinery intake Total amount of product calculated to have entered the refinery process. It is defined as: indigenous production + from other sources + backflows from industry + products transferred + imports - exports - direct use + stock changes 9. Statistical differences Defined as the calculated refinery intake minus the observed one. 10. Observed refinery intake Amounts measured as input to refineries 11. Refinery losses The difference between refinery intake (observed) and gross refinery output. Losses may occur during the distillation processes due to evaporation. Reported losses are positive. There may be volumetric gains but no gains in mass. 12. Opening and closing total stocks on national territory All stocks on national territory, including stocks held by governments, by major consumers or by stockholding organisations, stocks held on board incoming ocean vessels, stocks held in bonded areas and stocks held for others, whether under bilateral government agreement or not. Opening and closing refers to the first and to the last day of the reporting period respectively. 13. Net calorific value Production, imports and exports, and overall average. The following table applies only to finished products (refinery gas, ethane, LPG, naphtha, motor gasoline, aviation gasoline, gasoline type jet fuel, kerosene type jet fuel, other kerosene, gas/diesel oil, low and high sulphur fuel oil, white spirit and SBP, lubricants, bitumen, paraffin waxes, petroleum coke and other products). Crude oil and NGL used for direct burn should be included in deliveries of finished products and interproduct transfers: 1. Primary product receipts Includes quantities of indigenous or imported crude oil (including condensate) and indigenous NGL used directly without being processed in a petroleum refinery and quantities of backflows from the petrochemical industry which, although not primary fuel, are used directly. 2. Gross refinery output Production of finished products at a refinery or blending plant. Excludes refinery losses, but includes refinery fuel. 3. Recycled products Finished products which pass a second time through the marketing network, after having been once delivered to final consumers (e.g. used lubricants which are reprocessed). These quantities should be distinguished from petrochemical backflows. 4. Refinery fuel Petroleum products consumed in support of the operation of a refinery. Excludes products used by oil companies outside the refining process, e.g. bunkers or oil tankers. Includes fuels used for the production at the refineries of electricity and heat sold. 4.1. Of which: used for electricity generation Amounts used to generate electricity in plants at refineries. 4.2. Of which: used for CHP production Amounts used in CHP plants at refineries. 5. Imports and exports 6. International marine bunkers 7. Interproduct transfers Quantities reclassified either because their specification has changed or because they are blended into another product. A negative entry for one product is compensated by a positive entry (or several entries) for one or several products and vice versa; the total net effect should be zero. 8. Products transferred Imported petroleum products which are reclassified as feedstocks for further processing in the refinery, without delivery to final consumers. 9. Stock changes A stock build is shown as a negative number and a stock draw is shown as a positive number. 10. Calculated gross inland deliveries This is defined as: primary product receipts + gross refinery output + recycled products - refinery fuel + imports - exports - international marine bunkers + interproduct transfers - products transferred + stock changes 11. Statistical difference Defined as the calculated gross inland delivery minus the observed one. 12. Observed gross inland deliveries The observed delivery of finished petroleum products from primary sources (e.g. refineries, blending plants, etc.) to the inland market. This figure may differ from the calculated figure due, for example, to differences in coverage and/or differences of definition in different reporting systems. 12.1. Of which: gross deliveries to the petrochemical sector Quantities of fuels delivered to the petrochemical sector. 12.2. Of which: energy use in the petrochemical sector Quantities of oil used as fuel for petrochemical processes such as steam cracking. 12.3. Of which: non-energy use in the petrochemical sector Quantities of oil used in the petrochemical sector for the purpose of producing ethylene, propylene, butylene, synthesis gas, aromatics, butadiene and other hydrocarbon-based raw materials in processes such as steam cracking, aromatics plants and steam reforming. Excludes amounts of oil used for fuel purposes. 13. Backflows from petrochemical sector to refineries 14. Opening and closing stock levels All stocks on national territory, including stocks held by governments, by major consumers or by stockholding organisations, stocks held on board incoming ocean vessels, stocks held in bonded areas and stocks held for others, whether under bilateral government agreement or not. Opening and closing refers to the first and to the last day of the reporting period respectively. 15. Stock changes at public utilities Changes in stocks which are held by public utilities and not included in the stock levels and stock changes reported elsewhere. A stock build is shown as a negative number and a stock draw is shown as a positive number. Includes crude oil and NGL used for direct burn, if applicable. 16. Net calorific value of gross inland deliveries For the transformation sector the following aggregates apply for all fuels, except for refinery feedstocks, additives/oxygenates, biofuels and other hydrocarbons, but including fuels used for non-energy purposes (petroleum cokes and others, to be declared separately): 1. Total transformation sector Total quantities of fuels used for the primary or secondary conversion of energy. 1.1. Of which: main activity producer electricity plants 1.2. Of which: autoproducer electricity plants 1.3. Of which: main activity producer CHP plants 1.4. Of which: autoproducer CHP plants 1.5. Of which: main activity producer heat plants 1.6. Of which: autoproducer heat plants 1.7. Of which: gasworks/gasification plants 1.8. Of which: blended natural gas 1.9. Of which: coke ovens 1.10. Of which: blast furnaces 1.11. Of which: petrochemical industry 1.12. Of which: patent fuel plants 1.13. Of which: not elsewhere specified — transformation For the energy sector the following aggregates apply for all fuels, except for refinery feedstocks, additives/oxygenates, biofuels and other hydrocarbons, but including fuels used for non-energy purposes (petroleum cokes and others, to be declared separately): 1. Total energy sector Total quantity used as energy in the energy sector. 1.1. Of which: coal mines 1.2. Of which: oil and gas extraction 1.3. Of which: coke ovens 1.4. Of which: blast furnaces 1.5. Of which: gasworks 1.6. Of which: power plants Electricity, CHP and heat plants. 1.7. Of which: not elsewhere specified — energy 2. Distribution losses Losses occurred outside the refinery due to transport and distribution. Includes pipeline losses. For the energy end-use specification the following aggregates apply for all fuels, except for refinery feedstocks, additives/oxygenates, biofuels and other hydrocarbons, but including fuels used for non-energy purposes (petroleum cokes and others, to be declared separately): 1. Final energy consumption 2. Industry sector 2.1. Of which: iron and steel 2.2. Of which: chemical and petrochemical 2.3. Of which: non-ferrous metals 2.4. Of which: non-metallic minerals 2.5. Of which: transport equipment 2.6. Of which: machinery 2.7. Of which: mining and quarrying 2.8. Of which: food, beverages and tobacco 2.9. Of which: pulp, paper and printing 2.10. Of which: wood and wood products 2.11. Of which: construction 2.12. Of which: textile and leather 2.13. Of which: not elsewhere specified — industry 3. Transport sector 3.1. Of which: international aviation 3.2. Of which: domestic aviation 3.3. Of which: road 3.4. Of which: rail 3.5. Of which: domestic navigation 3.6. Of which: pipeline transport 3.7. Of which: not elsewhere specified — transport 4. Other sectors 4.1. Of which: commercial and public services 4.2. Of which: residential 4.3. Of which: agriculture/forestry 4.4. Of which: fishing 4.5. Of which: not elsewhere specified — other 5. Total non-energy use Quantities used as raw materials in the different sectors and not consumed as a fuel or transformed into another fuel. These quantities are included into the aggregates listed above. 5.1. Of which: transformation sector 5.2 Of which: energy sector 5.3 Of which: transport sector 5.4 Of which: industry sector 5.4.1 Industry sector of which: chemical (inc. petrochemical) 5.5 Of which: other sectors Imports by country of origin, and exports by country of destination. See also notes under point 4.2.1, aggregate 5. Inputs to autoproducers of electricity and heat generation are to be declared separately for electricity-only plants, for CHP plants, and for heat-only plants. Excludes the following energy products: refinery feedstocks, additives/oxygenates, biofuels, other hydrocarbons, ethane, motor gasoline, biogasoline, aviation gasoline, gasoline type jet fuel (naphtha type jet fuel or JP4), white spirit and SBP, and lubricants. Inputs apply to the following plants or activities: 1. Total energy sector Total quantity used as energy in the energy sector 1.1. Of which: coal mines 1.2. Of which: oil and gas extraction 1.3. Of which: coke ovens 1.4. Of which: blast furnaces 1.5. Of which: gasworks 1.6. Of which: not elsewhere specified — energy 2. Industry sector 2.1. Of which: iron and steel 2.2. Of which: chemical and petrochemical 2.3. Of which: non-ferrous metals 2.4. Of which: non-metallic minerals 2.5. Of which: transport equipment 2.6. Of which: machinery 2.7. Of which: mining and quarrying 2.8. Of which: food, beverages and tobacco 2.9. Of which: pulp, paper and printing 2.10. Of which: wood and wood products 2.11. Of which: construction 2.12. Of which: textile and leather 2.13. Of which: not elsewhere specified — industry 3. Transport sector 3.1. Of which: pipeline transport 3.2. Of which: not elsewhere specified — transport 4. Other sectors 4.1. Of which: commercial and public services 4.2. Of which: residential 4.3. Of which: agriculture/forestry 4.4. Of which: fishing 4.5. Of which: not elsewhere specified — other 1. Energy quantities 10^(3) tonnes 2. Calorific values MJ/tonne Cyprus is exempted from reporting the aggregates defined in Section 4.2.3 under point 4 (Other sectors) and point 5 (Total non-energy use); only the total values shall be applicable. Cyprus has a derogation of 3 years following the date of entry into force of this Regulation, for reporting the aggregates defined in Section 4.2.3 under point 2 (Industry sector) and point 3 (Transport sector); only the total values shall be applicable during this derogation period.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-10-31 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.