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3.

Competent authorities may refuse to exchange information or to act on a request for cooperation in carrying out an investigation or on-the-spot verification only in the following cases: the investigation, on-the-spot verification or exchange of information might adversely affect the sovereignty, security or public order of the Member State addressed; judicial proceedings have already been initiated in respect of the same actions and the same persons before the authorities of the Member State addressed; final judgment has already been delivered in the Member State addressed in respect of the same persons and the same actions. The competent authorities shall inform the requesting competent authorities of any decision taken under the first subparagraph, stating the reasons therefor.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-10-10 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.