2.

The types of infringements which are subject to a penalty shall include: making false declarations during approval procedures or procedures leading to a recall; falsifying test results for type-approval or in-service conformity; withholding data or technical specifications which could lead to recall, refusal or withdrawal of type-approval; use of defeat devices; refusal to provide access to information; economic operators making available on the market vehicles, systems, components or separate technical units subject to approval without such approval or falsifying documents or markings with that intention.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-10-12 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.