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MiFID II
DIRECTIVE 2014/65/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 May 2014 on markets in financial instruments and amending Directive 2002/92/EC and Directive 2011/61/EU (recast) (Text with EEA relevance) · European Union

‘close links’ means a situation in which two or more natural or legal persons are linked by: participation in the form of ownership, direct or by way of control, of 20 % or more of the voting rights or capital of an undertaking; ‘control’ which means the relationship between a parent undertaking and a subsidiary, in all the cases referred to in Article 22(1) and (2) of Directive 2013/34/EU, or a similar relationship between any natural or legal person and an undertaking, any subsidiary undertaking of a subsidiary undertaking also being considered to be a subsidiary of the parent undertaking which is at the head of those undertakings; a permanent link of both or all of them to the same person by a control relationship;

Cited at article level by

Regulation (EU) 2023/1114 of the European Parliament and of the… (EU) — sign in to see which provisions, and what they say.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.