1.

Qualified electronic signature creation devices shall ensure, by appropriate technical and procedural means, that at least: the confidentiality of the electronic signature creation data used for electronic signature creation is reasonably assured; the electronic signature creation data used for electronic signature creation can practically occur only once; the electronic signature creation data used for electronic signature creation cannot, with reasonable assurance, be derived and the electronic signature is reliably protected against forgery using currently available technology; the electronic signature creation data used for electronic signature creation can be reliably protected by the legitimate signatory against use by others.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-10-28 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.