Article 2 — Definitions

For the purposes of this Directive, the following definitions apply: (1) ‘criminal activity’ means any kind of criminal involvement in the commission of any offence punishable, in accordance with national law, by deprivation of liberty or a detention order for a maximum of more than one year or, as regards Member States that have a minimum threshold for offences in their legal systems, any offence punishable by deprivation of liberty or a detention order for a minimum of more than six months. In any case, offences within the following categories are considered a criminal activity: (a) participation in an organised criminal group and racketeering, including any offence set out in Framework Decision 2008/841/JHA; (b) terrorism, including any offence set out in Directive (EU) 2017/541 of the European Parliament and of the Council (9); (c) trafficking in human beings and migrant smuggling, including any offence set out in Directive 2011/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (10) and Council Framework Decision 2002/946/JHA (11); (d) sexual exploitation, including any offence set out in Directive 2011/93/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (12); (e) illicit trafficking in narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, including any offence set out in Council Framework Decision 2004/757/JHA (13); (f) illicit arms trafficking; (g) illicit trafficking in stolen goods and other goods; (h) corruption, including any offence set out in the Convention on the fight against corruption involving officials of the European Communities or officials of Member States of the European Union (14) and in Council Framework Decision 2003/568/JHA (15); (i) fraud, including any offence set out in Council Framework Decision 2001/413/JHA (16); (j) counterfeiting of currency, including any offence set out in Directive 2014/62/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (17); (k) counterfeiting and piracy of products; (l) environmental crime, including any offence set out in Directive 2008/99/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (18) or in Directive 2009/123/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council (19); (m) murder, grievous bodily injury; (n) kidnapping, illegal restraint and hostage-taking; (o) robbery or theft; (p) smuggling; (q) tax crimes relating to direct and indirect taxes, as laid down in national law; (r) extortion; (s) forgery; (t) piracy; (u) insider trading and market manipulation, including any offence set out in Directive 2014/57/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (20); (v) cybercrime, including any offence set out in Directive 2013/40/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council (21). (2) ‘property’ means assets of any kind, whether corporeal or incorporeal, movable or immovable, tangible or intangible, and legal documents or instruments in any form, including electronic or digital, evidencing title to, or an interest in, such assets; (3) ‘legal person’ means any entity having legal personality under the applicable law, except for states or public bodies in the exercise of state authority and for public international organisations.

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Source: EUR-Lex CELLAR · retrieved 2026-09-04