16.

Where a cogeneration unit – providing heat and/or electricity to a fuel production process for which emissions are being calculated – produces excess electricity and/or excess useful heat, the greenhouse gas emissions shall be divided between the electricity and the useful heat according to the temperature of the heat (which reflects the usefulness (utility) of the heat). The useful part of the heat is found by multiplying its energy content with the Carnot efficiency, C_(h), calculated as follows: C_(h)T_(h)T_(0)T_(h) where T_(h)= Temperature, measured in absolute temperature (kelvin) of the useful heat at point of delivery. T_(0)= Temperature of surroundings, set at 273,15 kelvin (equal to 0 °C) If the excess heat is exported for heating of buildings, at a temperature below 150 °C (423,15 kelvin), C_(h) can alternatively be defined as follows: C_(h)= Carnot efficiency in heat at 150 °C (423,15 kelvin), which is: 0,3546 For the purposes of that calculation, the actual efficiencies shall be used, defined as the annual mechanical energy, electricity and heat produced respectively divided by the annual energy input. For the purposes of that calculation, the following definitions apply: ‘cogeneration’ shall mean the simultaneous generation in one process of thermal energy and electrical and/or mechanical energy; ‘useful heat’ shall mean heat generated to satisfy an economical justifiable demand for heat, for heating or cooling purposes; ‘economically justifiable demand’ shall mean the demand that does not exceed the needs for heat or cooling and which would otherwise be satisfied at market conditions.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-10-28 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.