4.

The controller shall inform the data subject in writing of any refusal of rectification or erasure of operational personal data or restrict processing and of the reasons for the refusal. The controller may restrict, wholly or partly, the provision of such information to the extent that such a restriction constitutes a necessary and proportionate measure in a democratic society with due regard for the fundamental rights and legitimate interests of the natural person concerned in order to: avoid obstructing official or legal inquiries, investigations or procedures; avoid prejudicing the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties; protect the public security of Member States; protect the national security of Member States; protect the rights and freedoms of others, such as victims and witnesses. The controller shall inform the data subject of the possibility of lodging a complaint with the European Data Protection Supervisor or seeking a judicial remedy from the Court of Justice.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-10-27 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.