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Article 12 › 3

DIRECTIVE (EU) 2020/1828 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 November 2020 on representative actions for the protection of the collective interests of consumers and repealing Directive 2009/22/EC (Text with EEA relevance) · European Union

By way of derogation from paragraph 2, in exceptional circumstances, an individual consumer concerned by a representative action for redress measures may be ordered to pay the costs of proceedings that were incurred as a result of the individual consumer’s intentional or negligent conduct.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as consolidated on 2026-08-02; changes after this date are not shown.