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Article 8 › 3

DIRECTIVE (EU) 2020/1828 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 November 2020 on representative actions for the protection of the collective interests of consumers and repealing Directive 2009/22/EC (Text with EEA relevance) · European Union

In order for a qualified entity to seek an injunctive measure, individual consumers shall not be required to express their wish to be represented by that qualified entity. The qualified entity shall not be required to prove: (a) actual loss or damage on the part of the individual consumers affected by the infringement as referred to in Article 2(1); or (b) intent or negligence on the part of the trader.

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Source: EUR-Lex CELLAR · retrieved 2026-08-05