5.

When proposing the Union 2040 climate target in accordance with paragraph 3, the Commission shall consider the following: the best available and most recent scientific evidence, including the latest reports of the IPCC and the Advisory Board; the social, economic and environmental impacts, including the costs of inaction; the need to ensure a just and socially fair transition for all; cost-effectiveness and economic efficiency; competiveness of the Union’s economy, in particular small and medium-sized enterprises and sectors most exposed to carbon leakage; best available cost-effective, safe and scalable technologies; energy efficiency and the ‘energy efficiency first’ principle, energy affordability and security of supply; fairness and solidarity between and within Member States; the need to ensure environmental effectiveness and progression over time; the need to maintain, manage and enhance natural sinks in the long term and protect and restore biodiversity; investment needs and opportunities; international developments and efforts undertaken to achieve the long-term objectives of the Paris Agreement and the ultimate objective of the UNFCCC; existing information on the projected indicative Union greenhouse gas budget for the 2030-2050 period referred to in paragraph 4.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-10-27 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.