‘(v)

Directive (EU) 2023/958 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 May 2023 amending Directive 2003/87/EC as regards aviation’s contribution to the Union’s economy-wide emission reduction target and the appropriate implementation of a global market-based measure (Text with EEA relevance) · European Union

“non-CO2 aviation effects” means the effects on the climate of the release, during fuel combustion, of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), soot particles, oxidised sulphur species, and effects from water vapour, including contrails, from an aircraft performing an aviation activity listed in Annex I;’;

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-10-13 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.