art_31__para_2
2. The penalties shall be effective, proportionate and dissuasive, and shall be determined while having due regard to the following, as applicable: the nature and gravity of the infringement; the human population or the environment affected by the infringement, taking into account the need to ensure a high level of protection of human health and the environment; any previous infringements of this Regulation by the undertaking held responsible; the financial situation of the undertaking held responsible.
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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-11-07 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.