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| 1. | Extraction, concentration and refining are the three life-cycle stages to be included in the system boundary of primary critical raw materials with the following processes, when relevant to the specific raw material: (a) upstream processes including the extraction of ore for raw material production, production and supply, including transport, of chemicals, auxiliary processes, production and supply, including transport, of fuels, production and supply of electricity, and transport of materials in vehicles not owned or operated by the organisation; (b) transport of ore, concentrates and raw materials in vehicles owned or operated by the organisation; (c) storage of ore, concentrates and raw materials; (d) ore crushing and cleaning; (e) raw material concentrate production; (f) metal extraction, by chemical, physical or biological means; (g) smelting; (h) metal conversion; (i) slag cleaning; (j) metal refining; (k) metal electrolysis; (l) metal casting or packaging; (m) spent material and slag treatment; (n) all related auxiliary processes, such as for on-site waste-water treatment, including for process water treatment, direct cooling and surface runoff water; gas abatement systems, including for primary and secondary off gases; boilers, including for the pre-treatment of feed water; internal logistics.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-10-13 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.