Article 53 › 4

In addition to paragraph 3, control of the legal entity may be exercised via other means. Depending on the particular situation of the legal entity and its structure, other means of control may include: (a) formal or informal agreements with owners, members or the legal entities, provisions in the articles of association, partnership agreements, syndication agreements, or equivalent documents or agreements depending on the specific characteristics of the legal entity, as well as voting arrangements; (b) relationships between family members; (c) use of formal or informal nominee arrangements. For the purpose of this paragraph, ‘formal nominee arrangement’ means a contract or an equivalent arrangement, between a nominator and a nominee, where the nominator is a legal entity or natural person that issues instructions to a nominee to act on their behalf in a certain capacity, including as a director or shareholder or settlor, and the nominee is a legal entity or natural person instructed by the nominator to act on their behalf.

← 3 · All articles · 54 →

Source: EUR-Lex CELLAR · retrieved 2026-09-04