doc__table__115

| (51) | As set out in further detail in Annex 1, according to economic theory, the most important factors affecting the existence and magnitude of the passing-on effects include: (i) the nature of input costs (55) subject to an overcharge (whether these costs are fixed or variable, whether the infringement leads to increases of these costs only to one customer or to all or the vast majority of customers on a given market); (ii) the nature of the product demand that the direct or indirect customers face (in particular, the link between the demand and price level); (iii) the strength and intensity of competition in the markets where the direct or indirect customers are active; and (iv) other elements, such as price adjustment costs, the proportion of a firm's costs affected by the overcharge, buyer power, vertical integration of direct and indirect customers, price regulation or the timing of the pricing decisions undertaken at the various levels of the supply chain.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.