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COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION Guidelines for national courts on how to estimate the share of overcharge which was passed on to the indirect purchaser · European Union
| (55) | A number of judgments from national courts in damages actions have underlined the importance of considering how demand reacts to changes in prices, the intensity of competition and whether or not the direct purchaser's competitors are affected by the overcharge (60).
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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.