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COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION Guidelines for national courts on how to estimate the share of overcharge which was passed on to the indirect purchaser · European Union
| (133) | It is important for a judge to be aware that this approach requires extensive data on prices and quantity in the market concerned. Furthermore, it rests on assumptions about firms' and consumers' behaviour, which may go too far and might be difficult to validate. Hence, it may in many cases be difficult to meet the required standard of proof under applicable law when applying this method.
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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.