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COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION Guidelines for national courts on how to estimate the share of overcharge which was passed on to the indirect purchaser · European Union
| (163) | The considerations of fixed and variable costs are of particular importance when the volume effect is estimated, as the estimation of this effect requires an assessment of the margin of the firms involved in the case at hand.
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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.