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COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION Guidelines for national courts on how to estimate the share of overcharge which was passed on to the indirect purchaser · European Union

| (172) | If the demand curve is concave, as shown in the centre of Box 15, the demand becomes more sensitive to price changes as the price increases. This could for instance be the case if a substitute of the product affected by the overcharge is available to the customer. An example may be the demand for gasoline. At a certain price level, the customers may switch their consumption away from cars using gasoline to electrical cars. This would imply that the demand for gasoline will become more sensitive to price changes, as more customers switch their supply if the price on gasoline increases.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.