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COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION Guidelines for national courts on how to estimate the share of overcharge which was passed on to the indirect purchaser · European Union
| (188) | Further in some circumstances, an indirect purchaser may be able to use its negotiating strength to limit the ability of a direct purchaser to pass on an overcharge. The indirect purchaser's negotiating strength may be referred to as countervailing buyer power (119). Buyer power is not only limited to the ability to switch to other suppliers, but also e.g. to integrate upstream.
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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.