§8.1 Introduction

COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION Guidelines for national courts on how to estimate the share of overcharge which was passed on to the indirect purchaser · European Union

(157) This annex explains in more detail the insights from economic theory relevant in the context of estimating the passing-on. As described in paragraph 49 et seq. above, different factors may affect the degree of passing-on, such as the nature of input costs subject to an overcharge, the nature of the product demand faced by the direct or indirect customer, the nature and intensity of competitive interaction between the firms in the market where the direct or indirect customers are active and other elements such as the share of a firm's various inputs affected by the overcharge or the time horizon of the infringement.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-07