d1e529-4-1__para__2
Since its adoption 26 years ago, the UCTD has been interpreted through numerous decisions of the Court of Justice of the European Union (‘the Court’), in particular preliminary rulings, through which the Court has further developed many of the general principles laid down in the UCTD. The Court's interpretation is not limited to the criteria for the substantive assessment of contract terms and to the consequences to be drawn from the unfairness of contract terms, but also has implications for the national rules of procedure insofar as those rules are relevant to the effective protection against unfair contract terms.
Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.