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‘37 In the present case, a number of elements in the documents before the Court indicate that a term, […], incorporated into a loan agreement concluded in a foreign currency between a seller or supplier and a consumer without being individually negotiated, on terms by which the loan must be repaid in the same currency, is covered by the notion of “main subject matter of the contract” within the meaning of Article 4(2) of Directive 93/13. 38 […] the fact that a loan must be repaid in a certain currency relates, in principle, not to an ancillary repayment arrangement, but to the very nature of the debtor's obligation, thereby constituting an essential element of a loan agreement.’

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.