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COMMISSION NOTICE Guidance on the interpretation and application of Council Directive 93/13/EEC on unfair terms in consumer contracts · European Union
that national courts are obliged to assess the unfairness of contract terms of their own motion (ex officio).
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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.