sec_5_2_2__para__3
COMMISSION NOTICE Guidance on the interpretation and application of Council Directive 93/13/EEC on unfair terms in consumer contracts · European Union
Within this general framework, there are differences between the Member States regarding the extent to which the courts may or are obliged to adopt a more active role in the proceedings (385), including a more inquisitorial or investigative role, for instance by asking questions, giving hints or feedback, but also regarding the taking of evidence.
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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.