sec_5_3_1__para__4
COMMISSION NOTICE Guidance on the interpretation and application of Council Directive 93/13/EEC on unfair terms in consumer contracts · European Union
The obligation of ex officio control based on the equivalence principle applies to all types and stages of the procedure, including judgments in default (396), appeal proceedings (397), or enforcement proceedings (398) whenever national law empowers national judges to examine compliance with rules of public policy.
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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.