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Article 2(4) of the Water Framework Directive provides that ‘river’ means ‘a body of inland water flowing for the most part on the surface of the land but which may flow underground for part of its course’. Article 2(5) of the Water Framework Directive provides that ‘lake’ means ‘a body of standing inland surface water’. Article 2(8) of the Water Framework Directive provides that ‘artificial water body’ means ‘a body of surface water created by human activity’. Article 2(9) of the Water Framework Directive provides that ‘heavily modified water body’ means ‘a body of surface water which as a result of physical alterations by human activity is substantially changed in character, as designated by the Member State in accordance with the provisions of Annex II’. Article 2(10) of the Water Framework Directive provides that ‘body of surface water’ means ‘a discrete and significant element of surface water such as a lake, a reservoir, a stream, river or canal, part of a stream, river or canal, a transitional water or a stretch of coastal water’. Article 2(12) of the Water Framework Directive provides that ‘body of groundwater’ means ‘a distinct volume of groundwater within an aquifer or aquifers’. Article 2(11) of the Water Framework Directive provides that ‘aquifer’ means ‘a subsurface layer or layers of rock or other geological strata of sufficient porosity and permeability to allow either a significant flow of groundwater or the abstraction of significant quantities of groundwater’.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.