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COMMISSION NOTICE Guidelines providing a common understanding of the term ‘environmental damage’ as defined in Article 2 of Directive 2004/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on environmental liability with regard to the prevention and remedying of environmental damage · European Union

| 185. | Adverse effects involve a negative change in marine waters. There may also be a related impairment of the services that these waters provide by reference to the baseline condition. So far as other natural resource categories are concerned, marine waters provide services to the natural habitats and protected species found in them, such as tidal flows, in the case of certain coastal habitats, or food sources in the case of marine mammals or seabirds. Such services are not confined to marine protected areas (MPAs) such as Natura 2000 sites designated under the Nature Directives, but are especially important for them, since such services play an important role in the fulfilment of site conservation objectives. The notion of services also extends to services to people. For example, marine waters provide fish and other food for the benefit of people. By way of another example, they also provide opportunities for recreational whale watching.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.