sec_4_2_7__para__11 — COMMISSION NOTICE – Guidance on the interpretation and application of Directive…

sec_4_2_7para11

COMMISSION NOTICE – Guidance on the interpretation and application of Directive 2005/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning unfair business-to-consumer commercial practices in the internal market · European Union

The term ‘dark pattern’ does not have a legal definition in the Directive. The UCPD applies to any ‘unfair commercial practice’ that meets the requirements of the material scope of the Directive, regardless of their classification. If dark patterns are applied in the context of business-to-consumer commercial relationships, then the Directive can be used to challenge the fairness of such practices, in addition to other instruments in the EU legal framework, such as the GDPR.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.