doc__table__148

| 108. | In addition to merchant sales or purchases, depending on the specific products or the specific industry in question, other metrics can provide complementary or more useful information to determine market shares. These may include: capacity or production (147) (in particular for markets characterised by the strategic importance of capacity) (148); the number of suppliers (in particular in markets involving formal calls for tender or in situations where innovative products are at the development stage); the number of contracts awarded (149); usage metrics such as the number of (active) users (150), the number of website visits (151) or streams, time spent or audience numbers (152), the number of downloads (153) and updates, the number of interactions (154) or the volume or value of transactions concluded over a platform (in particular where access to products is provided mainly at a zero monetary price, as can be the case in digital markets, or more generally in the case of multi-sided platforms); units of fleet, seat capacity, number of trips or access rights such as slots at specific airports (for instance in transport markets) (155); or reserves held (for instance in the mining sector) (156). In markets where there are frequent and significant investments in R&D, the level of R&D expenditure or the number of patents or patent citations may be used as relevant metrics to assess the relative competitive position of undertakings (157). Metrics used internally by market participants in their general course of business generally prove particularly relevant.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-07 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.