§3.2.1.4 Evidence of competitive constraints based on industry views

56. Undertakings typically monitor competition in the ordinary course of business. There may also be industry associations or experts monitoring competition. While such industry views on market boundaries do not necessarily correspond to the concept of the relevant market within the meaning of Union competition law, information on which undertakings regard each other as (close) competitors, as well as the views of other market participants and industry experts on competitive constraints, can provide useful information for assessing demand substitution. This applies in particular where the underlying reasons given in support of the conclusion that certain undertakings are (close) competitors correspond to the Commission’s market definition framework, that is to say that the undertakings’ products are regarded by customers as substitutes.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-07