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The OECD (1) and researchers (2) have classified the risks (3) that minors can encounter online, in order for providers of online platforms accessible to minors, academia and policy makers to better understand and analyse them. This classification of risks is known as the 5Cs typology of online risks to children. It helps in identifying risks and includes 5 categories of risks: content, conduct, contact, consumer risks, cross-cutting risks. These risks may manifest when appropriate and proportionate measures are not in place to ensure a high level of privacy, safety and security for minors on the service, causing potential infringement of a number of children’s rights.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-07 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.