approval of an engine (engine family) — the approval of an engine type (engine family) with regard to the level of the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants anx_I__para__4

auxiliary control device — a system, function or control strategy installed to an engine or on a vehicle, that is used to protect the engine and/or its ancillary equipment against operating conditions that could result in damage or failure, or is used to facilitate engine starting. An auxiliary control device may also be a strategy or measure that has been satisfactorily demonstrated not to be a defeat device anx_I__para__41

compression-ignition or gas engine — the motive propulsion source of a vehicle for which type-approval as a separate technical unit, as defined in Article 2 of Directive 70/156/EEC, may be granted (b)

control area — the area between the engine speeds A and C and between 25 to 100 per cent load anx_I__para__23

declared maximum power (Pmax) — the maximum power in EC kW (net power) as declared by the manufacturer in his application for type-approval anx_I__para__14

defeat device — a device which measures, senses or responds to operating variables (e.g. vehicle speed, engine speed, gear used, temperature, intake pressure or any other parameter) for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying or deactivating the operation of any component or function of the emission control system such that the effectiveness of the emission control system is reduced under conditions encountered during normal vehicle use unless the use of such a device is substantially included in the applied emission certification test procedures anx_I__para__31

diesel engine — an engine which works on the compression-ignition principle anx_I__para__5

ELR test — a test cycle consisting of a sequence of load steps at constant engine speeds to be applied in accordance with Section 6.2 of this Annex anx_I__para__17

engine family — a manufacturers grouping of engines which, through their design as defined in Annex II, Appendix 2 to this Directive, have similar exhaust emission characteristics; all members of the family must comply with the applicable emission limit values anx_I__para__8

engine operating speed range — the engine speed range, most frequently used during engine field operation, which lies between the low and high speeds, as set out in Annex III to this Directive anx_I__para__19

engine speeds A, B and C — the test speeds within the engine operating speed range to be used for the ESC test and the ELR test, as set out in Annex III, Appendix 1 to this Directive anx_I__para__22

engine type — a category of engines which do not differ in such essential respects as engine characteristics as defined in Annex II to this Directive anx_I__para__7

enhanced environment-friendly vehicle (EEV) — a vehicle propelled by an engine which complies with the permissive emission limit values set out in row C of the tables in Section 6.2.1 of Annex I (c)

ESC test — a test cycle consisting of 13 steady state modes to be applied in accordance with Section 6.2 of this Annex anx_I__para__16

ETC test — a test cycle consisting of 1 800 second-by-second transient modes to be applied in accordance with Section 6.2 of this Annex anx_I__para__18

gas engine — an engine which is fuelled with natural gas (NG) or liquid petroleum gas (LPG) anx_I__para__6

gaseous pollutants — carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons (assuming a ratio of CH1,85 for diesel, CH2,525 for LPG and CH2,93 for NG (NMHC), and an assumed molecule CH3O0,5 for ethanol-fuelled diesel engines), methane (assuming a ratio of CH4 for NG) and oxides of nitrogen, the last named being expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalent anx_I__para__10

high speed (nhi) — the highest engine speed where 70 % of the declared maximum power occurs anx_I__para__21

irrational emission control strategy — any strategy or measure that, when the vehicle is operated under normal conditions of use, reduces the effectiveness of the emission control system to a level below that expected on the applicable emission test procedures anx_I__para__42

low speed (nlo) — the lowest engine speed where 50 % of the declared maximum power occurs anx_I__para__20

net power — the power in EC kW obtained on the test bench at the end of the crankshaft, or its equivalent, measured in accordance with the EC method of measuring power as set out in Council Directive 80/1269/EEC of 16 December 1980on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the engine power of motor vehicles (2) anx_I__para__13

NG gas range — one of the H or L range as defined in European Standard EN 437, dated November 1993 anx_I__para__26

opacimeter — an instrument designed to measure the opacity of smoke particles by means of the light extinction principle anx_I__para__25

parent engine — an engine selected from an engine family in such a way that its emissions characteristics will be representative for that engine family anx_I__para__9

particulate pollutants — any material collected on a specified filter medium after diluting the exhaust with clean filtered air so that the temperature does not exceed 325 K (52 oC) anx_I__para__11

per cent load — the fraction of the maximum available torque at an engine speed anx_I__para__15

recalibration — a fine tuning of an NG engine in order to provide the same performance (power, fuel consumption) in a different range of natural gas anx_I__para__28

reference speed (nref) — the 100 per cent speed value to be used for denormalising the relative speed values of the ETC test, as set out in Annex III, Appendix 2 to this Directive anx_I__para__24

self adaptability — any engine device allowing the air/fuel ratio to be kept constant anx_I__para__27

smoke — particles suspended in the exhaust stream of a diesel engine which absorb, reflect, or refract light anx_I__para__12

test cycle — a sequence of test points each with a defined speed and torque to be followed by the engine under steady state (ESC test) or transient operating conditions (ETC, ELR test) anx_I__para__3

vehicle — any vehicle as defined in Article 2 of Directive 70/156/EEC and propelled by a compression-ignition or gas engine, with the exception of vehicles of category M1 with a technically permissible maximum laden mass less than or equal to 3,5 tonnes (a)

λ-shift factor (Sλ) — an expression that describes the required flexibility of the engine management system regarding a change of the excess-air ratio λ if the engine is fuelled with a gas composition different from pure methane (see Annex VII for the calculation of Sλ) anx_I__para__30