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Directive 2005/55/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 28 September 2005 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from compression-ignition engines for use in vehicles, and the emission of gaseous pollutants from positive-ignition engines fuelled with natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas for use in vehicles (Text with EEA relevance)

directive · European Union · 32005L0055

1540 provisions in 2691 nodes · 5 provisions hand work to national law

Defined terms · All instruments · European standard · air quality · atmospheric pollutant · auditing · basis of tax assessment · branch · carbon · consumer

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DIRECTIVE 2005/55/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL
of 28 September 2005
on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the measures to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from compression-ignition engines for use in vehicles, and the emission of gaseous pollutants from positive-ignition engines fuelled with natural gas or liquefied petroleum gas for use in vehicles
(Text with EEA relevance)
Preamble
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Article 1 Definitions
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Article 2 Obligations of the Member States
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Article 3 Durability of emission control systems
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Article 4 On-board diagnostic systems
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Article 5 Emission control systems using consumable reagents
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Article 6 Tax incentives
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Article 7 Implementation measures and amendments
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Article 8 Review and reports
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Article 9 Transposition
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Article 10 Repeal
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Article 11 Entry into force
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Article 12 Addressees
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ANNEX I
SCOPE, DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS, APPLICATION FOR EC TYPE-APPROVAL, SPECIFICATIONS AND TESTS AND CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
1. SCOPE
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2. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS
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CH4
C2H6
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CO2
HC
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CFV
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3. APPLICATION FOR EC TYPE-APPROVAL
3.1. Application for EC type-approval for a type of engine or engine family as a separate technical unit
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3.2. Application for EC type-approval for a vehicle type in respect of its engine
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3.3. Application for EC type-approval for a vehicle type with an approved engine
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4. EC TYPE-APPROVAL
4.1. Granting of a universal fuel EC type-approval
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4.2. Granting of a fuel range restricted EC type-approval
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4.3. Exhaust emissions approval of a member of a family
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4.3.2. Secondary test engine
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4.4. Type-approval certificate
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5. ENGINE MARKINGS
5.1. The engine approved as a technical unit must bear:
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5.1.5. Labels
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5.1.5.1. Content
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5.1.5.2. Properties
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5.1.5.3. Placing
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6. SPECIFICATIONS AND TESTS
6.1. General
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6.1.5. Transitional provisions for extension of type-approval
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6.2. Specifications concerning the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants and smoke
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6.2.1. Limit values
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6.2.2. Hydrocarbon measurement for diesel and gas fuelled engines
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6.2.3. Specific requirements for diesel engines
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7. INSTALLATION ON THE VEHICLE
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8. ENGINE FAMILY
8.1. Parameters defining the engine family
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8.2. Choice of the parent engine
8.2.1. Diesel engines
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8.2.2. Gas engines
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9. PRODUCTION CONFORMITY
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Appendix 1
PROCEDURE FOR PRODUCTION CONFORMITY TESTING WHEN STANDARD DEVIATION IS SATISFACTORY
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PROCEDURE FOR PRODUCTION CONFORMITY TESTING WHEN STANDARD DEVIATION IS UNSATISFACTORY OR UNAVAILABLE
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PROCEDURE FOR PRODUCTION CONFORMITY TESTING AT MANUFACTURER'S REQUEST
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ANNEX II
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Appendix 1
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Appendix 2
ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENGINE FAMILY
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Appendix 3
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Appendix 4
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ENGINE-RELATED VEHICLE PARTS
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ANNEX III
TEST PROCEDURE
1. INTRODUCTION
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1.3. Measurement principle
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1.3.1. ESC test
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1.3.2. ELR test
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1.3.3. ETC test
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2. TEST CONDITIONS
2.1. Engine test conditions
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2.1.2. Test validity
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2.2. Engines with charge air cooling
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2.3. Engine air intake system
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2.4. Engine exhaust system
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2.5. Cooling system
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2.6. Lubricating oil
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2.7. Fuel
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2.8. Testing of exhaust aftertreatment systems
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ESC AND ELR TEST CYCLES
1. ENGINE AND DYNAMOMETER SETTINGS
1.1. Determination of engine speeds A, B and C
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1.2. Determination of dynamometer settings
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2. ESC TEST RUN
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2.1. Preparation of the sampling filters
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2.2. Installation of the measuring equipment
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2.3. Starting the dilution system and the engine
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2.4. Starting the particulate sampling system
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2.5. Adjustment of the dilution ratio
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2.6. Checking the analysers
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2.7. Test cycle
2.7.1. The following 13-mode cycle shall be followed in dynamometer operation on the test engine
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2.7.2. Test sequence
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2.7.3. Analyser response
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2.7.4. Particulate sampling
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2.7.5. Engine conditions
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2.7.6. NOx check within the control area
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2.7.7. Rechecking the analysers
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3. ELR TEST RUN
3.1. Installation of the measuring equipment
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3.2. Checking of the opacimeter
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3.3. Test cycle
3.3.1. Conditioning of the engine
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3.3.2. Test sequence
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3.5. Rechecking of the opacimeter
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4. CALCULATION OF THE GASEOUS EMISSIONS
4.1. Data evaluation
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4.2. Dry/wet correction
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4.3. NOx correction for humidity and temperature
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4.4. Calculation of the emission mass flow rates
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4.5. Calculation of the specific emissions
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4.6. Calculation of the area control values
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4.6.1. Calculation of the specific emission
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4.6.2. Determination of the emission value from the test cycle
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4.6.3. Comparison of NOx emission values
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5. CALCULATION OF THE PARTICULATE EMISSION
5.1. Data evaluation
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5.2. Partial flow dilution system
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5.2.1. Isokinetic systems
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5.2.2. Systems with measurement of CO2 or NOx concentration
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5.2.3. Systems with CO2 measurement and carbon balance method (4)
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5.2.4. Systems with flow measurement
5.3. Full flow dilution system
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5.4. Calculation of the particulate mass flow rate
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5.5. Calculation of the specific emission
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5.6. Effective weighting factor
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6. CALCULATION OF THE SMOKE VALUES
6.1. Bessel algorithm
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6.1.1. Calculation of filter response time and Bessel constants
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6.1.2. Calculation of the Bessel algorithm
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6.2. Data evaluation
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6.3. Determination of smoke
6.3.1. Data conversion
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6.3.2. Calculation of Bessel averaged smoke
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6.3.3. Final result
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Appendix 2
ETC TEST CYCLE
1. ENGINE MAPPING PROCEDURE
1.1. Determination of the mapping speed range
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1.2. Performing the engine power map
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1.3. Mapping curve generation
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1.4. Alternate mapping
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1.5. Replicate tests
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2. GENERATION OF THE REFERENCE TEST CYCLE
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2.1. Actual speed
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2.2. Actual torque
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2.3. Example of the unnormalisation procedure
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3. EMISSIONS TEST RUN
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3.1. Preparation of the sampling filters (diesel engines only)
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3.2. Installation of the measuring equipment
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3.3. Starting the dilution system and the engine
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3.4. Starting the particulate sampling system (diesel engines only)
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3.5. Adjustment of the full flow dilution system
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3.6. Checking the analysers
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3.7. Engine starting procedure
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3.8. Test cycle
3.8.1. Test sequence
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3.8.2. Analyser response
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3.8.3. Particulate sampling (diesel engines only)
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3.8.4. Engine stalling
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3.8.5. Operations after test
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3.9. Verification of the test run
3.9.1. Data shift
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3.9.2. Calculation of the cycle work
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3.9.3. Validation statistics of the test cycle
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4. CALCULATION OF THE GASEOUS EMISSIONS
4.1. Determination of the diluted exhaust gas flow
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4.2. NOx correction for humidity
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4.3. Calculation of the emission mass flow
4.3.1. Systems with constant mass flow
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4.3.1.1. Determination of the background corrected concentrations
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4.4. Calculation of the specific emissions
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5. CALCULATION OF THE PARTICULATE EMISSION (DIESEL ENGINES ONLY)
5.1. Calculation of the mass flow
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Appendix 3
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Appendix 4
MEASUREMENT AND SAMPLING PROCEDURES
1. INTRODUCTION
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2. DYNAMOMETER AND TEST CELL EQUIPMENT
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2.1. Engine dynamometer
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2.2. Other instruments
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2.3. Exhaust gas flow
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2.4. Diluted exhaust gas flow
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3. DETERMINATION OF THE GASEOUS COMPONENTS
3.1. General analyser specifications
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3.1.1. Measurement error
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3.1.2. Repeatability
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3.1.3. Noise
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3.1.4. Zero drift
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3.1.5. Span drift
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3.2. Gas drying
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3.3. Analysers
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3.3.1. Carbon monoxide (CO) analysis
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3.3.2. Carbon dioxide (CO2) analysis
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3.3.3. Hydrocarbon (HC) analysis
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3.3.4. Non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) analysis (NG fuelled gas engines only)
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3.3.4.1. Gas chromatographic (GC) method
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3.3.4.2. Non-methane cutter (NMC) method
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3.3.5. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) analysis
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3.4. Sampling of gaseous emissions
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3.4.2. Diluted exhaust gas (mandatory for ETC, optional for ESC)
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4. DETERMINATION OF THE PARTICULATES
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4.1. Particulate sampling filters
4.1.1. Filter specification
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4.1.2. Filter size
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4.1.4. Filter face velocity
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4.1.5. Filter loading
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4.2. Weighing chamber and analytical balance specifications
4.2.1. Weighing chamber conditions
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4.2.2. Reference filter weighing
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4.2.3. Analytical balance
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4.3. Additional specifications for particulate measurement
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5. DETERMINATION OF SMOKE
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5.1. General requirements
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5.2. Specific requirements
5.2.1. Linearity
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5.2.2. Zero drift
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5.2.3. Opacimeter display and range
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5.2.4. Instrument response time
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5.2.5. Neutral density filters
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Appendix 5
CALIBRATION PROCEDURE
1. CALIBRATION OF THE ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS
1.1. Introduction
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1.2. Calibration gases
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1.2.1. Pure gases
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1.2.2. Calibration and span gases
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1.3. Operating procedure for analysers and sampling system
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1.4. Leakage test
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1.5. Calibration procedure
1.5.1. Instrument assembly
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1.5.2. Warming-up time
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1.5.3. NDIR and HFID analyser
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1.5.4. Calibration
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1.5.5. Establishment of the calibration curve
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1.5.5.3. Alternative methods
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1.6. Verification of the calibration
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1.7. Efficiency test of the NOx converter
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1.7.1. Test set-up
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1.7.2. Calibration
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1.7.3. Calculation
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1.7.4. Adding of oxygen
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1.7.5. Activation of the ozonator
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1.7.6. NOx mode
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1.7.7. Deactivation of the ozonator
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1.7.8. NO mode
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1.7.9. Test interval
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1.7.10. Efficiency requirement
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1.8. Adjustment of the FID
1.8.1. Optimisation of the detector response
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1.8.2. Hydrocarbon response factors
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1.8.3. Oxygen interference check
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1.8.4. Efficiency of the non-methane cutter (NMC, for NG fuelled gas engines only)
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1.8.4.1. Methane efficiency
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1.8.4.2. Ethane efficiency
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1.9. Interference effects with CO, CO2, and NOx analysers
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1.9.1. CO analyser interference check
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1.9.2. NOx analyser quench checks
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1.9.2.1. CO2 quench check
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1.9.2.2. Water quench check
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1.10. Calibration intervals
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2. CALIBRATION OF THE CVS-SYSTEM
2.1. General
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2.2. Calibration of the Positive Displacement Pump (PDP)
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2.2.1. Data analysis
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2.3. Calibration of the Critical Flow Venturi (CFV)
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2.3.1. Data analysis
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2.4. Total system verification
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2.4.1. Metering with a critical flow orifice
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2.4.2. Metering by means of a gravimetric technique
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3. CALIBRATION OF THE PARTICULATE MEASURING SYSTEM
3.1. Introduction
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3.2. Flow measurement
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3.3. Checking the partial flow conditions
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3.4. Calibration intervals
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4. CALIBRATION OF THE SMOKE MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT
4.1. Introduction
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4.2. Calibration procedure
4.2.1. Warming-up time
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4.2.2. Establishment of the linearity response
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4.3. Calibration intervals
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ANNEX IV
TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF REFERENCE FUEL PRESCRIBED FOR APPROVAL TESTS AND TO VERIFY CONFORMITY OF PRODUCTION
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Table
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2. NATURAL GAS (NG)
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3. LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS (LPG)
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ANNEX V
ANALYTICAL AND SAMPLING SYSTEMS
1. DETERMINATION OF THE GASEOUS EMISSIONS
1.1. Introduction
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1.2. Description of the analytical system
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1.2.1. Components of Figures 7 and 8
EP Exhaust pipe
Exhaust gas sampling probe (Figure 7 only)
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SP2 Diluted exhaust gas HC sampling probe (Figure 8 only)
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SP3 Diluted exhaust gas CO, CO2, NOx sampling probe (Figure 8 only)
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HSL1 Heated sampling line
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HSL2 Heated NOx sampling line
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SL Sampling line for CO and CO2
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BK Background bag (optional; Figure 8 only)
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BG Sample bag (optional; Figure 8 CO and CO2 only)
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F1 Heated pre-filter (optional)
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F2 Heated filter
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P Heated sampling pump
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HC
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CO, CO2
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NO
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C Converter
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B Cooling bath (optional)
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T1, T2, T3 Temperature sensor
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T4 Temperature sensor
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T5 Temperature sensor
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G1, G2, G3 Pressure gauge
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R1, R2 Pressure regulator
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R3, R4, R5 Pressure regulator
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FL1, FL2, FL3 Flowmeter
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FL4 to FL6 Flowmeter (optional)
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V1 to V5 Selector valve
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V6, V7 Solenoid valve
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V8 Needle valve
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V9, V10 Needle valve
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V11, V12 Toggle valve (optional)
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1.3. NMHC analysis (NG fuelled gas engines only)
1.3.1. Gas chromatographic method (GC, Figure 9)
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Components of Figure 9
PC Porapak column
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MSC Molecular sieve column
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OV Oven
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SLP Sample loop
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P Pump
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D Dryer
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HC
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V1 Sample injection valve
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V3 Selector valve
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V2, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8 Needle valve
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R1, R2, R3 Pressure regulator
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FC Flow capillary
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G1, G2, G3 Pressure gauge
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F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 Filter
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FL1
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1.3.2. Non-methane cutter method (NMC, Figure 10)
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Components of Figure 10
NMC Non-methane cutter
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HC
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V1 Selector valve
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V2, V3 Solenoid valve
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V4 Needle valve
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R1 Pressure regulator
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FL1 Flowmeter
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2. EXHAUST GAS DILUTION AND DETERMINATION OF THE PARTICULATES
2.1. Introduction
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2.2. Partial flow dilution system
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Isokinetic systems (Figures 11, 12)
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Flow controlled systems with concentration measurement (Figures 13 to 17)
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Flow controlled systems with flow measurement (Figures 18, 19)
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2.2.1. Components of Figures 11 to 19
EP Exhaust pipe
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SP Sampling probe (Figures 10, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19)
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ISP Isokinetic sampling probe (Figures 11, 12)
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FD1, FD2 Flow divider (Figure 16)
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FD3 Flow divider (Figure 17)
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EGA Exhaust gas analyser (Figures 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
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TT Transfer tube (Figures 11 to 19)
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DPT Differential pressure transducer (Figures 11, 12, 17)
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FC1 Flow controller (Figures 11, 12, 17)
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(b)
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PCV1, PCV2 Pressure control valve (Figure 16)
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DC Damping chamber (Figure 17)
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VN Venturi (Figure 15)
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FC2 Flow controller (Figures 13, 14, 18, 19, optional)
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FM1 Flow measurement device (Figures 11, 12, 18, 19)
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FM2 Flow measurement device (Figure 19)
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PB Pressures blower (Figures 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 19)
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SB Suction blower (Figures 11, 12, 13, 16, 17, 19)
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DAF Dilution air filter (Figures 11 to 19)
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DT Dilution tunnel (Figures 11 to 19)
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HE Heat exchanger (Figures 16, 17)
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2.3. Full flow dilution system
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2.3.1. Components of Figure 20
EP Exhaust pipe
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PDP Positive displacement pump
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CFV Critical Flow Venturi
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HE Heat exchanger (optional, if EFC is used)
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EFC Electronic flow compensation (optional, if HE is used)
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DT Dilution tunnel
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DAF Dilution air filter
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PSP Particulate sampling probe
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2.4.1. Components of Figures 21 and 22
PTT Particulate transfer tube (Figures 21, 22)
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SDT Secondary dilution tunnel (Figure 22)
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FH Filter holder(s) (Figures 21, 22)
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P Sampling pump (Figures 21, 22)
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DP Dilution air pump (Figure 22)
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FC3 Flow controller (Figures 21, 22)
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FM3 Flow measurement device (Figures 21, 22)
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FM4 Flow measurement device (Figure 22)
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BV Ball valve (optional)
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3. DETERMINATION OF SMOKE
3.1. Introduction
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3.2. Full flow opacimeter
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3.2.1. Components of Figure 23
EP Exhaust Pipe
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OPL Optical Path Length
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LS Light source
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LD Light detector
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CL Collimating lens
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T1 Temperature sensor (optional)
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3.3. Partial flow opacimeter
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3.3.1. Components of Figure 24
EP Exhaust pipe
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SP Sampling probe
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TT Transfer tube
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FM Flow measurement device
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MC Measuring chamber
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OPL Optical path length
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LS Light source
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LD Light detector
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CL Collimating lens
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T1 Temperature sensor
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P Sampling pump (optional)
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ANNEX VI
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0.
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1.
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Note
Appendix
to EC type-approval certificate No … concerning the type approval of a vehicle/separate technical unit/component (1)
1.
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ANNEX VII
EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION PROCEDURE
1. ESC TEST
1.1. Gaseous emissions
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Calculation of the dry to wet correction factor KW,r (Annex III, Appendix 1, Section 4.2):
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Calculation of the wet concentrations:
Calculation of the NOx humidity correction factor KH,D (Annex III, Appendix 1, Section 4.3):
Calculation of the emission mass flow rates (Annex III, Appendix 1, Section 4.4):
Calculation of the specific emissions (Annex III, Appendix 1, Section 4.5):
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Calculation of the specific NOx emission of the random point (Annex III, Appendix 1, Section 4.6.1):
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Determination of the emission value from the test cycle (Annex III, Appendix 1, Section 4.6.2):
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Comparison of the NOx emission values (Annex III, Appendix 1, Section 4.6.3):
1.2. Particulate emissions
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Calculation of GEDF (Annex III, Appendix 1, Sections 5.2.3 and 5.2.4):
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Table
(a)
(b)
Calculation of the mass flow rate (Annex III, Appendix 1, Section 5.4):
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Table
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Background correction (optional)
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Calculation of the specific emission (Annex III, Appendix 1, Section 5.5):
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Calculation of the specific weighting factor (Annex III, Appendix 1, Section 5.6):
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2. ELR TEST
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2.1. General remarks on the Bessel filter
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2.2. Calculation of the Bessel algorithm
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Step 1 Required Bessel filter response time tF:
Step 2 Estimation of cut-off frequency and calculation of Bessel constants E, K for first iteration:
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Step 3 Application of Bessel filter on step input:
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Step 4 Filter response time of first iteration cycle:
Step 5 Deviation between required and obtained filter response time of first iteration cycle:
Step 6 Checking the iteration criteria:
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Step 7 Final Bessel algorithm:
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2.3. Calculation of the smoke values
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Calculation of the k-value (Annex III, Appendix 1, Section 6.3.1):
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Calculation of Bessel averaged smoke (Annex III, Appendix 1, Section 6.3.2):
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Calculation of the final smoke value (Annex III, Appendix 1, Section 6.3.3):
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Cycle validation (Annex III, Appendix 1, Section 3.4)
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3. ETC TEST
3.1. Gaseous emissions (diesel engine)
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Calculation of the diluted exhaust gas flow (Annex III, Appendix 2, Section 4.1):
Calculation of the NOx correction factor (Annex III, Appendix 2, Section 4.2):
Calculation of the background corrected concentrations (Annex III, Appendix 2, Section 4.3.1.1):
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Calculation of the emissions mass flow (Annex III, Appendix 2, Section 4.3.1):
Calculation of the specific emissions (Annex III, Appendix 2, Section 4.4):
3.2. Particulate emissions (diesel engine)
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Calculation of the mass emission (Annex III, Appendix 2, Section 5.1):
Calculation of the background corrected mass emission (Annex III, Appendix 2, Section 5.1):
Calculation of the specific emission (Annex III, Appendix 2, Section 5.2):
3.3. Gaseous emissions (CNG engine)
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Calculation of the NOx, correction factor (Annex III, Appendix 2, Section 4.2):
Calculation of the NMHC concentration (Annex III, Appendix 2, Section 4.3.1):
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Calculation of the background corrected concentrations (Annex III, Appendix 2, Section 4.3.1.1):
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For NMHC, the background concentration is the difference between HCconcd and CH4concd
Calculation of the emissions mass flow (Annex III, Appendix 2, Section 4.3.1):
Calculation of the specific emissions (Annex III, Appendix 2, Section 4.4):
4. λ-SHIFT FACTOR (Sλ)
4.1. Calculation of the λ-shift factor (Sλ) (1)
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4.2. Examples for the calculation of the λ-shift factor Sλ
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ANNEX VIII
SPECIFIC TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO ETHANOL-FUELLED DIESEL ENGINES
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IN ANNEX III, APPENDIX 1:
4.2. Dry/wet correction
4.3. NOx correction for humidity and temperature
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4.4. Calculation of the emission mass flow rates
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IN ANNEX III, APPENDIX 2:
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4.3. Calculation of the emission mass flow
4.3.1 Systems with constant mass flow
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4.3.1.1. Determination of the background corrected concentrations
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4.3.2. Systems with flow compensation
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4.4. Calculation of the specific emissions
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Note
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ANNEX IX
TIME-LIMITS FOR THE TRANSPOSITION OF THE REPEALED DIRECTIVES INTO NATIONAL LAWS
Referred to in Article 10
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ANNEX X
CORRELATION TABLE
(Referred to in the second paragraph of Article 10)
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