2.2. Actual torque
The torque is normalised to the maximum torque at the respective speed. The torque values of the reference cycle shall be unnormalised, using the mapping curve determined according to Section 1.3, as follows: Actual torque = (% torque × max. torque/100) for the respective actual speed as determined in Section 2.1. The negative torque values of the motoring points (‘m’) shall take on, for purposes of reference cycle generation, unnormalised values determined in either of the following ways: negative 40 % of the positive torque available at the associated speed point, mapping of the negative torque required to motor the engine from minimum to maximum mapping speed, determination of the negative torque required to motor the engine at idle and reference speeds and linear interpolation between these two points.
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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-11-01 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.