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COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION Guidelines for national courts on how to estimate the share of overcharge which was passed on to the indirect purchaser · European Union
| (48) | The Damages Directive does not distinguish between harm resulting from 1) increased prices (price effects) and the passing-on of overcharges including the volume effect and 2) other effects, such as reduced quality of products or hampered innovation (non-price effects) which may arise. These guidelines focus on the passing-on of price increases and the related volume effects (53).
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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.