doc__table__260 — COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION Guidelines for national courts on how to…

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COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION Guidelines for national courts on how to estimate the share of overcharge which was passed on to the indirect purchaser · European Union

| (178) | Such market competitiveness directly impacts passing-on. In the benchmark case of perfect competition, industry-wide cost shocks are passed on at a rate of 100 percent to direct customers. Such stylised market structure of perfect competition may function as a benchmark for the court when assessing passing-on effects (even though in real world markets it is less often observed). By contrast, in monopoly or various intermediary scenarios, the passing-on of an overcharge may not amount to a rate of 100 percent, but instead can lie above or below this threshold, including a passing-on rate of zero percent.

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Source: EUR-Lex (Cellar) · retrieved 2026-09-25 · Text as adopted (Official Journal); later amendments are not incorporated in this text.